Cradley Links in the Black Country of the West Midlands

THE PUBS OF CRADLEY

Jill Guest's study of the history of Cradley's public houses and their licensees draws on contemporary trades directories, census returns and the 1843 Tithe Map, providing valuable insights into Cradley public house landlords, their other occupations, pub names and other aspects.

Beer lovers in England owe a debt of gratitude to the Anglo-Saxons who popularised the drinking of ale, a beverage derived from malted grain that had evolved from the honey-based mead of ancient times. The drinking of copious quantities of ale became central to life, second only to the eating of bread, and has even been blamed for the English defeat at the Battle of Hastings, because they were in no fit state to fight.

In the fourteenth century the brewing of ale was so important that anyone who brewed less than they used to, or who decided to cease brewing, was liable to punishment. However, there was such a rapid rise in the number of alehouses, taverns and inns that King Edward III worried that his subjects were being distracted from spending their Sundays in archery practice, as they were duty bound to do in the medieval system.

In the early sixteenth century an influx of Flemish immigrants brought with them the craft of using hops to flavour beer, and the old sweet ales gradually gave way to the new method of brewing. The consumption of beer at home and in beer houses continued to grow, and licensing became a major source of revenue for the government. Most pubs were essentially private houses where the householder paid a fee to be able to sell beer.

In 1830 the Duke of Wellington's Beer Act abolished all duty on beer and established the right of any householder to sell beer upon purchase of a two guinea licence from the Excise, subject to a £20 penalty for selling wine and spirits. There was a widespread belief that spirits were a social evil but beer was a wholesome and nutritional beverage, and the real target here was the rise of gin drinking. From this date householders assessed to the poor rate were allowed to sell (only) beer and this was the effective beginning of the modern public house. The new Act led to the legalisation of illicit alehouses, the number of beer shops soared astronomically, and beer prices fell sharply.

In his study of the social habits of the Black Country, and of the Lye and Wollescote in particular, Wesley Perrins starts with the enjoyment of beer. Colliers, anvil-makers, puddlers, chain-smiths, ironworkers and galvanisers developed a thirst in their work, and in Lye in 1866 there were 53 pubs serving less than 7000 people.

Not to be outdone, Cliff Willetts cites 28 premises in Cradley in 1851 associated with the beer trade. The population of Cradley at this time was 3833, so the proportions of public houses to people were not very different in the two townships. Cliff notes that there was a public house to every 121 of the population of Cradley, but that only seven of the 28 pubs in 1851 were still in business 120 years later.

This aspect of the history of Cradley was researched and compiled by Cliff during the 1960s and early '70s, and published after his death ("Cradley, A History" by Barry G. Willetts and Hazel M. Clifton, 1997). He describes how the 1851 census reveals not only pubs and their landlords, but also the various other trades and occupations of the landlords. Thus, Thomas Cemm was a white smith (tin smith) besides looking after the Bridge Inn in New Road, and Fanny Mole was both victualler of the Colley Gate Inn and a blacksmith employing two men. Thomas Fellows was a victualler at the Old Mogul in Netherend and also a chain maker, and Jabez Adams was a rivet maker as well as publican of the Bull's Head in Overend.

Jill starts her study with some definitions and observations. A victualler is a person who furnishes victuals, a seller of food and drink. A licensed victualler is an innkeeper licensed to sell alcoholic liquor. A malster, or maltster, is a person who prepared malt for the brewing process. Porter, as in porter dealer, is a dark beer brewed from charred or browned malt.

This is by no means a complete list of all the public houses in Cradley from 1841 to 1940, there were certainly more. These are the ones listed in the various directories, but not all are listed in all the directories. Some of the names change, for example, the Sun becomes the Rising Sun and then the Sun again. Some of the addresses change, for example, the White Lion changes from 74 Colley Gate to 74 Windmill Hill comparatively recently, between 1935 and 1940. So does the Round of Beef, which goes from Windmill Hill in 1873 to 33 Colley Gate in 1912, then back to 33 Windmill Hill in 1940. The Old Two Gates started out in Two Gates in 1841, in 1855 it is listed as Parkside, then it moves back to Two Gates, in 1912, the address is given as 56 Windmill Hill, then in 1940 it is given as 50 Two Gates Lane.

The Sun Inn, at Overend, near the junction with Butchers Lane and Furlong Lane (from Cradley Then & Now)

None of the pubs from 1841 are left now, including the Sun Inn, pictured above. Even some of the later ones have had the names changed for no apparent reason, for example, the Talbot to the Chainmaker.

What is apparent from the names is the fact that licenses were kept in the family and passed from father to son and sometimes to the wife if the husband died, for example, the British Arms stayed in the Tate family from 1841 till at least 1880. Similarly, the Colley Gate was kept by the Mole Family from 1841 till 1873 with Frances Mole listed in the 1851 census as a widow, a blacksmith employing two men and a victualler before passing the pub on to her sons presumably. Jabez Adams had the Bulls Head in Overend built and held the licence from at least 1850 until at least 1880 with Mrs Sarah Adams listed by 1896. Thomas Fellows of the Mogul or Old Mogul is listed as a victualler in 1820 and still listed in 1896, so either he was very young when he started or had a son of the same name to carry on.

$The "Bull\'s Head" in Overend, at the bottom of Banner\'s street and Banner\'s Lane. The driver of the car is Dave Batty from the nearby garage, now closed. --- our thanks to Glen Billingham for this photograph.$

The "Bull's Head" in Overend, at the bottom of Banner's street and Banner's Lane. The driver of the car is Dave Batty from the nearby garage, now closed. --- our thanks to Glen Billingham for this photograph.

The Round of Beef is the only one listed in 1896 that still has its original name today. However, at the present time (April 2002) it is up for sale, which could result in an inappropriate name change.

The "Round of Beef", Windmill Hill. Harry Vernon Cox, the licensee from 1896 to 1953 is thought to be the man by the door with a cricket cap on. --- our thanks to Jill Guest for this photograph.

Bentley's Directory 1841

Blue Ball		John Beasley, victualler and sword blade forger
British Arms	Overend	Abel Tate, victualler
Colley Gate		Daniel Mole, victualler and blacksmith
Fish	High Street	Elizabeth Harrison, victualler
Holly Bush	High Street	Daniel Wright, victualler and porter dealer
May Pole	Old Forge	Samuel Leonard, victualler
Mogul	Netherend	Thomas Fellows, chain manufacturer and victualler (listed in 1820)
Old Two Gates	Two Gates	Richard Bache, victualler (listed in 1820)
Robin Hood		Joseph Bloomer, victualler
Sun	Overend	Benjamin Beasley, victualler and gun barrel maker
Windmill	Colley gate	Henry Adams, victualler

$The "Blue Ball" on the corner of Blue Ball Lane and High Street, with Greenfield\'s fish and chip shop at the corner of Butcher\'s Lane in the background. --- our thanks to Glen Billingham for this photograph.$

The "Blue Ball" on the corner of Blue Ball Lane and High Street, with Greenfield's fish and chip shop at the corner of Butcher's Lane in the background. --- our thanks to Glen Billingham for this photograph.

Tithes in the Township of Cradley, 29th December 1843

Only two public houses were named on the Cradley Tithe Map, as follows:

Blue Ball Public House and Garden	John Beasley
Maypole Inn and Garden	Samuel Leonard

Both these properties were rented from the Trustees of George Biggs, deceased.

1851 Census Returns

Not all public houses were named on the census. Names in brackets have been assumed where the licensee's name is the same as the previous entry or a later one.

Name of premises	Address	Name	Census details
Malt Shovel (?)	Stourbridge Road	Jos'h Tibbetts	Malster, Head, married
Two Gates Inn	Two Gates	Leah Edmonds	Licensed victualler, Head, widow, 70
?	Two Gates	Sarah Parish	Licensed brewer, Head, widow, 70
		Henry Parish	Brewer, Son, unmarried, 36
Old Mogul	Netherend	Thomas Fellows	Victualler and chain maker, Head, married, 51
Netherend Tavern	Netherend	Eliza Williams	Licensed brewer / victualler, Head, widow, 36
Maypole	Cradley Forge	Samuel Leonard	Victualler, Head, married, 32
Crown	Top of New Road	Grace Sims	Licensed victualler, Head, widow, 63
		Elizabeth Simms	Dressmaker, daughter, unmarried, 55
Blue Ball	Baptist Road	John Beasley	Licensed Victualler, Head, married, 55
Colley Gate Inn	Colley Gate	Frances Mole	Blacksmith employing 2 men & Victualler, Head, widow, 39
Black Swan Inn	East Side Village	Mary Hingley	Innkeeper, Head, unmarried, 34
British Arms	Top of Furlong Lane	Abel Tate	Millman and publican, Head, married, 55
Bulls Head	Overend	Jabez Adams	Rivet maker and publican, Head, married, 36
Rising Sun	Overend	William H. Hawkswood	Publican & ?, Head, married, 41
Bridge Inn	New Road	Thomas Cemm	Master whitesmith & victualler, Head, married, 48
Robin Hood	High Street	Isaiah Bloomer	Victualler, Head, married, 42

The old "Old Crown" where the top of the High Street met High Town at the end of Intended Street. --- our thanks to Glen Billingham for this photograph.

Billing's Directory 1855

Black Swan		Thomas Howell, auctioneer, appraiser, victualler, printer, stationer, Agent for Birmingham Fire Office
Blue Ball		John Beasley, victualler
Bridge Inn	Bridge Street	Thomas Cemm, vice maker, jobbing smith & Victualler
British Arms	Overend	A Tate, victualler
Bulls Head	Overend	Jabez Adams, victualler
Crown		William Parkes, beer retailer
Crown		Elizabeth Simms, victualler
Fish	High Street	Thomas Fox, victualler
Holly Bush		Isaiah Hughes, victualler
Horse & Jockey	Netherend	Josiah Williams, beer retailer
Malt Shovel		Josiah Tibbetts, victualler, maltser & shopkeeper
May Pole		Samuel Leonard, victualler
Netherend tavern	Netherend	Eliza Williams, victualler
Old Mogul	Netherend	Thomas Fellows, victualler
Old Two Gates	Parkside	John Tibbets, victualler
Old White Lion		William Owen, beer retailer & shopkeeper
Rising Sun	Overend	William Hawkswood, victualler
Robin Hood		Joseph Bloomer, victualler & shopkeeper
Two Gates		Henry Parrish, victualler
Yew Tree		Joseph Hawkswood, beer retailer & shopkeeper

Littlebury's Directory 1873

Black Swan	High Street	Samuel Jones
Blue Ball	Blue Ball Lane	William Adams
Bridge	Bridge Street	William Tate
British Arms	Overend	Saml tate
Bulls Head	Overend	Jabez Adams
Colley Gate	Colley Gate	Mole Brothers
Crown	Lyde Green	Mrs Cooke
Fish	High Street	James Attwood
Holly Bush	High Street	Isaiah Hughes
Horse & Jockey	Netherend	William Stevens
Lodge Forge		Henry Hipkiss
Malt Shovel		Mrs E Tibbetts
Maypole	Cradley Forge	Samuel Leonard
Old Mogul	Netherend	Thomas Fellows
Old Two Gates	Two Gates	Simeon Finch
Rose & Crown	High Street	William Deeley
Round of Beef	Windmill Hill	T Cox
Sun	Overend	Benjamin Burley Hawkswood
White Lion	Colley Gate	Reuben Harper
Windmill		Richard Stevens

W. E. Owen & Co's Directory 1880

Black Swan Inn	High Street	David Brooks
Bridge Inn	Bridge Street	George Bayliss
British Arms	Furlong Lane	Samuel Tate
Bulls Head	Overend	Jabez Adams
Holly Bush	High Street	Isaiah Hughes
May Pole	Maypole Hill	Samuel Leonard
Old Two Gates	Two Gates	Simeon Finch
Shovel Inn		Elizabeth Tibbetts
Sun	Overend	Benjamin Hawkswood
Talbot Commercial Hotel	Colley Gate	William Oliver
White Lion Inn	Colley Gate	Emmanuel Roper

The Talbot, corner of Park Road and Colley Lane, dated 21 Feb 1962

Kelly's Directory 1896

Black Swan	High Street	Mrs Maria Louisa Hickton
Blue Ball	Ball Lane	Mrs Phoebe Tandy
Bridge	Bridge Street	Harry Watts
British Arms	Furlong Lane	Thomas Rowley
Bulls Head	Overend	Mrs Sarah Adams, and shopkeeper
Crown	Lyde Green	William Griffiths
Fish	High Street	Joseph Brettell
Holly Bush	High Street	Thomas Proffitt
Horse & Jockey	Netherend	William Stevens
Horseshoe	Colley Gate	Albert Mole, and Blacksmith
Lodge Forge	New Street	Mrs Ann Rebecca Hipkiss
Old Mogul	Netherend	Thomas Fellows
Old Two Gates	Two Gates	William Walters
Old Vine	Park Rd , Colley Gate	Edward Guest
Rose & Crown	High Street	Frederick Edward Cutler
Round of Beef	Windmill Hill	Thomas Cox
Sun	Overend	Mrs Ann Maria Hotchkiss, and shopkeeper
Talbot Inn	Colley Gate	Frank Oliver, Brewer, Maltster and farmer
White Lion Inn	Colley Gate	Albert George Roper

The Round of Beef public house on Windmill Hill at corner of Two Gates Lane. About 1900-1910.

Kelly's Directory 1912 - Public Houses

Black Swan P.H.	80 High Street	Joseph Herbert Harrison
Blue Ball P.H.	Church Lane	John Woodall
Bridge Inn	8 Bridge Street	James Jasper
British Arms P.H.	20 Furlong Lane	Frank Griffiths
Bulls Head P.H.	Overend	Joseph Lowe
Crown P.H.	88 Lyde Green	(Mrs) Adelaide Twigg
Fish Inn	46 High Street	Lawson Auden
Gate P.H.	Colley Gate	Benjamin Tromans
Holly Bush P.H.	50 High Street	Joseph Francis Ellis
Horse & Jockey P.H.	19 Netherend	Jabez Henry Herrin
Maypole P.H.	5 Cradley Forge	(Mrs) Mary Ann Twist
Old Mogul P.H.	Netherend	George Albert Ingley
Old Two Gates P.H.	56 Windmill Hill	George Botfield
Rose & Crown P.H.	High Street	Frederick Edward Cutler (and brewer, Lyde Green)
Round of Beef P.H.	33 Colley Gate	Harry Vernon Cox
Sun P.H.	99 Overend	George Robins
Talbot Hotel	Colley Gate	Frank Oliver
White Lion Inn	74 Colley Gate	George Albert Roper

Vine Inn, Two Gates, dated 18 May, 1961

Kelly's Directory 1912 - Beer Retailers

William Bangham	1 Stocking Street , Two Gates
Daniel Batham	70 High Street
Clement Bennett	88 Two Gates
William Chilton	9 Furlong Lane
William Henry Davies	Victoria Street
Joseph Jones	19 Overend
(Mrs) Eliza Oliver	Park Road
Daniel Proffitt	2 High Town
Llewellyn Robinson	52 High Street
Simeon Robinson	Park Lane
John Saunders	49 Lyde Green
William Henry Thomas	63 Two Gates

The Crown, Lyde Green, undated but probably about 1965. It looks as if the pub was already unlicensed by this time.

Birmingham & District Trades Directory 1934-35 (No licensees' names given)

Black Swan	High Street
Blue Ball	Blue Ball Lane
Bridge	Bridge Street
British Arms	20 Furlong lane
Crown Inn	Lyde Green
Fish Hotel	High Street
Holly Bush	High Street
Horse & Jockey	19 Netherend
Jolly Collier	Cradley Road
May Pole	Cradley Forge
Old Crown	High Town
Old Two Gates	50 Windmill Hill
Robin Hood	High Street
Rose & Crown	High Street
Sun	99 Overend
Vine Inn	Lyde Green
White Horse	High Street
White Lion	74 Colley Gate

British Arms, Furlong Lane, dated 30 Jul 1965

Kelly's Directory 1940

Black Horse Public House	Banners Lane	William Palmer
Blue Ball Public House	Blue Ball Lane	Gilbert Willetts
Bridge Inn	8 Bridge Street	Harold Willetts
British Arms Public House	20 Furlong Lane	Mrs Ellen Griffiths
Bulls Head Public House	Overend Road	Mrs Zerniah Robins
Crown Inn	Barrack lane	Mrs Daisy Smith
Crown Public House	38 Lyde Green	Joseph R Priest
Duke William Inn	9 Furlong Lane	Ben Tromans
Gate Public House	110 Colley Gate	William Richard Buffery
Holly Bush Public House	50 High Street	William Henry Hickman
Horse & Jockey Public House	19 Mogul Lane	Reginald Johnson
Maypole Inn	5 Maypole Hill	Henry J Parks
Old Crown Inn	2 Intended Street	Joseph Jinks
Old Two Gates Inn	50 Two Gates Lane	Thomas Edge
Park Lane Tavern	Park Lane	Harry Victor Cook
Rose and Crown Public House	High Street	William Hall
Round of Beef Public House	33 Windmill Hill	Harry Vernon Cox
Talbot Hotel	Colley Lane	Thomas Bills
Vine Inn	Lyde Green	Benjamin Garrett
Vine Inn	88 Two Gates	William Thomas Woodall
White Horse Inn	70 High Street	Frederick Webster
White Lion Inn	74 Windmill Hill	George Stafford
Why Not Inn	Two Gates	George James

Names

The following table, extracted from the collection of directories on Cradley Links, includes both public houses and those entries where although the name of a public house is not shown, the person's occupation was associated with the brewing or selling of beer. The spelling as shown in the original directories has been retained.

Adams Henry, victualler, Windmill, Colly Gate	1840	Bentley
Adams Jabez, victualler, Bull's Head, Over End	1855	Billing
Adams Jabez, British Arms, Overend	1860	Kelly
Adams Jabez, publican, Overend	1860	Preston
Adams Jabez, British Arms, Overend	1868	Kelly
Adams Jabez, Bull's Head Inn, Overend	1873	Littlebury
Adams Sarah (Mrs.), Bull's Head P.H. & shpkpr., Overend	1896	Kelly
Adams William, Blue Ball Inn, Overend	1873	Littlebury
Arnett Mrs. Eliza, beer retailer, Overend	1873	Littlebury
Arnett Sarah (Mrs), beer retailer	1872	Post Office
Arnett Sarah (Mrs), beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Attwood Benj, mnftr of hames, chains, and traces, and beer retailer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Attwood Benjamin, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Attwood Eliza (Mrs.), hame maker & beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Attwood Eliza (Mrs.), hame maker & beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Attwood Eliza, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Attwood Eliza (Mrs.), hame ma. & beer retlr., Lyde green	1896	Kelly
Attwood James, Fish Inn	1872	Post Office
Attwood James, Fish Inn	1873	Littlebury
Attwood James, Fish Inn	1876	Kelly
Attwood Richard, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Attwood Wm, beer retlr & shpkpr, Cradley	1865	Jones
Attwood William, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Auden Arthur, beer retailer, Two gates	1896	Kelly
Auden Lawson, Fish inn, 46 High street	1912	Kelly
Bangham Wm. Hy. beer retlr. 1 Stocking st. Two Gates	1912	Kelly
Bangham Wm. Hy. Beer retlr. 1 Stocking st, Two Gates	1916	Kelly
Bate Thomas, chain maker, Blue Ball lane	1916	Kelly
Batham Daniel, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Batham Daniel, beer retailer, High street	1896	Kelly
Batham Daniel, beer retailer, 70 High street	1912	Kelly
Batham Daniel, beer retailer, 70 High street	1916	Kelly
Bayliss George, Bridge inn	1876	Kelly
Bayliss George, Bridge inn	1880	Kelly
Bayliss George, Bridge Inn	1880	Owens
Beasley Allen, beer retailer, Furlong lane	1873	Littlebury
Beasley Allen, Old Vine, Park road	1880	Kelly
Beasley Benjamin, victualler, Sun ; and gun-barrel maker, Overend	1840	Bentley
Beasley John, sword-blade forger and victualler, Blue Ball	1840	Bentley
Beasley John, victualler, Blue Ball	1855	Billing
Beasley John, Blue Ball inn	1860	Preston
Beasley Joseph, Blue Ball	1860	Kelly
Beasley Josiah, beer retailer and sword and bayonet forger, Cradley	1865	Jones
Beasley John, beer retailer, Overend	1896	Kelly
Beasley Samuel, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Bellingham Geo. beer retlr, Two gates	1872	Post Office
Bennet Saml. beer retailer, Two gates	1876	Kelly
Bennet Saml. beer retailer, Two gates	1880	Kelly
Bennett Clement, beer retailer, Two gates	1896	Kelly
Bennett Clement, beer retailer, 88 Two gates	1912	Kelly
Bennett Clement, beer retailer, 88 Two gates	1916	Kelly
Bennett Samuel, beer retailer	1855	Billing
Bennett Saml, beer retailer, Two gates, Cradley	1865	Jones
Bennett Saml. beer retailer, Two gates	1872	Post Office
Bennett Sml.,beer rtlr. & farmer,Two gates	1873	Littlebury
Bennett Wm, Rose and Crown, and greengrocer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Bennett Wm., greengrocer and beer rtlr	1873	Littlebury
Billingham George, charcoal dlr., beer retlr., & shopkpr., Two gates	1873	Littlebury
Billingham Joseph Henry, beer retailer, Victoria street	1916	Kelly
Black Horse P.H. (Wm. Palmer), Banners la	1940	Kelly
Bloomer Joseph, victualler, Robin-Hood	1840	Bentley
Bloomer Joseph, victualler, pawnbroker, and shopkeeper, Robin Hood	1855	Billing
Bloomer Josiah, Robin Hood	1860	Kelly
Bloomer Josiah, Robin Hood	1860	Preston
Bloomer Josiah, Robin Hood	1868	Kelly
Blue Ball P.H. (Gilbt. Willetts), Blue Ball la	1940	Kelly
Botfield George, Old Two Gates P.H. 56 Windmill hill	1912	Kelly
Boxley Benj, beer retailr, High st, Cradley	1865	Jones
Brettell Joseph, Fish P.H. High street	1896	Kelly
Bridge Inn (Harold Willetts) 8 Bridge st	1940	Kelly
British Arms P.H. (Mrs. Ellen Griffiths), 20 Furlong la	1940	Kelly
Brooks David, Black Swan	1876	Kelly
Brooks David, Black Swan	1880	Kelly
Brooks David, Black Swan Inn	1880	Owens
Bull's Head P.H. (Mrs. Zerniah Robins), Overend rd	1940	Kelly
Bunn Wm, beer retailer and shopkeeper, New st, Cradley	1865	Jones
Bunn William, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Bunn William, beer retailer	1872	Post Office
Bunn William, beer retlr. and shop-keeper	1873	Littlebury
Bunn William, beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Buttery Emily May (Mrs.), Crown P.H. 88 Lyde Green	1916	Kelly
Camm Thomas, beerseller, &c.	1840	Bentley
Carr Hy, beer retlr and filecuttr, Cradley	1865	Jones
Cashmore Charles, Holly Bush P.H. 50 High street	1916	Kelly
Cemm Thomas, vice maker, jobbing smith, and victualler, Bridge Inn	1855	Billing
Cemm Thomas, Bridge inn, & vice manufacturer	1860	Kelly
Challiner Geo. Read, White Swan, and plumber and painter	1865	Jones
Chilton William, beer retailer, 9 Furlong lane	1912	Kelly
Chilton William, beer retailer, 9 Furlong lane	1916	Kelly
Clemm Thomas, Bridge inn	1860	Preston
Colden Susanna, beerseller, Park-row	1840	Bentley
Cook Elizabeth (Mrs.), Crown	1872	Post Office
Cook Hannah (Mrs.), Crown	1876	Kelly
Cook Samuel, Crown	1868	Kelly
Cooke Mrs., Crown. Inn, Lyde green	1873	Littlebury
Cooper William, beer retailer, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Cox Harry Vernon, Round of Beef P.H. 33 Colley gate	1912	Kelly
Cox Harry Vernon, Round of Beef P.H. 33 Colley gate	1916	Kelly
Cox Joseph, Blue Ball	1880	Kelly
Cox Thos, beer retir, Colly gte, Cradley	1865	Jones
Cox Thos. beer retailer, Windmill hill	1872	Post Office
Cox Thos., Round of Beef, Windmill hill	1873	Littlebury
Cox Thos. beer retailer, Windmill hill	1876	Kelly
Cox Thomas, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Cox Thos. beer retailer, Windmill hill	1880	Kelly
Cox Thomas, Round of Beef P.H. Windmill hill	1896	Kelly
Cox William, nail-factor and beerseller	1840	Bentley
Crown Inn (Mrs. Daisy Smith) Barrack la	1940	Kelly
Crown P.H. (Jsph. R. Priest), 88 Lyde grn	1940	Kelly
Cutler Frederick Edward, Rose & Crown P.H. High street	1896	Kelly
Cutler Frederic Edward, Rose & Crown P.H. High street & brewer, Lyde Green	1912	Kelly
Davies William Henry, beer retailer, Victoria street	1912	Kelly
Deeley Lousia (Mrs.), Rose &Crown	1880	Kelly
Deeley William, Rose &Crown	1872	Post Office
Deeley William, Rose and Crown Inn	1873	Littlebury
Deeley William, Rose &Crown	1876	Kelly
Duke William Inn (Ben Tromans), 9 Furlong la	1940	Kelly
Dunn William, Blue Ball	1876	Kelly
Edwards Henry, maltster, Park-Row	1840	Bentley
Ellis Francis Joseph, Holly Bush P.H. 50 High street	1912	Kelly
Fellow Thomas, Old Mogul, Netherend	1860	Kelly
Fellowes Thomas, victualler, Old Mogul, Nether End	1855	Billing
Fellows Joseph, maltster	1860	Kelly
Fellows Susannah, maltster, Cradley	1865	Jones
Fellows Thomas, chain manufacterer and victualler, Mogul, Netherend	1840	Bentley
Fellows Thomas, Old Mogul, Netherend	1860	Preston
Fellows Thos, beer retailer, Netherend, Cradley	1865	Jones
Fellows Thomas, Old Mogul, Nethernd	1868	Kelly
Fellows Thomas, Old Mogul, Netherend	1872	Post Office
Fellows Thos., Old Mogul Inn, Netherend	1873	Littlebury
Fellows Thos. beer retailer, Netherend	1876	Kelly
Fellows Thomas, beer retailer, Netherend	1880	Owens
Fellows Thos. beer retailer, Netherend	1880	Kelly
Fellows Thomas, Old Mogul P.H. Netherend	1896	Kelly
Folkes Wm. beer retailer, Windmill hill	1872	Post Office
Folkes William, beer retlr, Windmill hill	1873	Littlebury
Forrest Noah, beerseller, Light green	1840	Bentley
Forrest Richd. beer retailer, Windmill hl	1876	Kelly
Forrest Richard, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Forrest Richd. beer retailer, Windmill hl	1880	Kelly
Fox Charles John, maltster, Overend	1896	Kelly
Fox Thomas, victualler, Fish	1855	Billing
Fox Thomas, Fish, & maltster	1860	Kelly
Fox Thomas, Fish, and maltster, Cradley	1865	Jones
Fox Thomas, maltster	1868	Kelly
Fox Thomas, maltster, Overend	1872	Post Office
Fox Thomas, maltster, Overend	1873	Littlebury
Fox Thomas, maltster, Overend	1876	Kelly
Fox Thomas, maltster, Overend	1880	Kelly
Foxall Thomas, maltster, Netherton	1865	Jones
Gate P.H. (Wm. Rd. Buttery), 110 Colley gate	1940	Kelly
Gill Samuel, beer retailer, Two gates	1896	Kelly
Griffiths Frank, British Arms P.H. 20 Furlong lane	1912	Kelly
Griffiths Frank, British Arms P.H. 20 Furlong Lane	1916	Kelly
Griffiths William, Crown P.H. Lyde green	1896	Kelly
Grove John H., beer retailer and shopkeeper, Colley Gate	1855	Billing
Guest Edward, Old Vine P. H. Park road, Colley gate	1896	Kelly
Haddock John, painter and beerseller, Netherend	1840	Bentley
Hadley William, beerseller, Park-row	1840	Bentley
Harper Dvd, beer rtlr, Netherend, Cradley	1865	Jones
Harper Joseph, beerseller, Colly Gate	1840	Bentley
Harper Mary Ann (Mrs.), beer & wine retailer, Furlong la	1896	Kelly
Harper Reuben, beer retailer, Colley gate	1868	Kelly
Harper Reuben, beer retailer, Colley gate	1872	Post Office
Harper Reuben, White Lion, Windmill hl	1873	Littlebury
Harper Reuben, beer retailer, Colley gt	1880	Kelly
Harper Richard, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Harper, Joseph, beer retailer, Colly lane	1860	Preston
Harrison Benj. maltster	1820	Lewis'
Harrison Elizabeth, victualler, Fish	1840	Bentley
Harrison Herbert Joseph, Black Swan P.H. 80 High st	1912	Kelly
Harrison Herbert Joseph, Black Swan P.H. 80 High st	1916	Kelly
Harrison Joseph, chain maker, Bridge street	1912	Kelly
Hathaway William, Fish	1868	Kelly
Hawkeswood Benjn., Sun Inn, and grocer	1873	Littlebury
Hawkeswood Benj. Sun, Colley Gate	1876	Kelly
Hawkeswood Benjamin, Sun	1880	Owens
Hawkeswood Benjamin, Sun, Overend	1880	Kelly
Hawkeswood H., Sun inn, Overend	1860	Preston
Hawkeswood Joseph, beer retailer and shopkeeper, Yew Tree	1855	Billing
Hawkeswood Joseph, beer retailer	1860	Kelly
Hawkeswood Joseph, beer retailer	1860	Preston
Hawkeswood Richard. Sun, Colley gate	1872	Post Office
Hawkeswood William, victualler, Rising Sun, Over End	1855	Billing
Hawkeswood Wm, Sun, & grcr, Overend, Cradley	1865	Jones
Hawkesworth William Herbert, Sun, & shopkeeper, Overend	1860	Kelly
Hawkesworth Wm. Herbrt. Sun, Overnd	1868	Kelly
Hawkswood Joseph, beerseller and farmer	1840	Bentley
Hawkswood William Herbert, beerseller	1840	Bentley
Herrin Henry Jabez, Horse & Jockey P.H. 19 Netherend	1912	Kelly
Herring Henry Jabez, Horse & Jockey P.H. 19 Netherend	1916	Kelly
Hickton Maria Louisa (Mrs.), Black Swan P.H. High st	1896	Kelly
Hill Thomas., maltster & beer retailer, Park lane	1873	Littlebury
Hill Thos. beer retlr. Park Lane farm	1876	Kelly
Hingley Elizabeth, beer retailer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Hingley James, butcher & beer retailer	1860	Kelly
Hingley Jas, beer retailer and butcher, Cradley	1865	Jones
Hingley James, butcher and beer retailer	1873	Littlebury
Hingley James, beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Hingley James, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Hingley James, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Hipkiss Ann Rebecca (Mrs.), Lodge Forge P.H. New st	1896	Kelly
Hipkiss Henry, Lodge Forge, and iron manufacturer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Hipkiss Hen. iron manfr. Lodge forge	1872	Post Office
Hipkiss Hy., manufctr. of all kinds of use iron and beer retailer, Lodge forge	1873	Littlebury
Hipkiss Henry, iron manufr. Lodge forge	1880	Kelly
Hipkiss Moses, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Hipkiss William Evan, Lodge Forge inn	1880	Kelly
Holly Bush P.H. (Wm. Hy. Eickman), 50 High st	1940	Kelly
Homer Noah Cox, beerseller, boot, &c., maker, Colly-gate	1840	Bentley
Homer Thomas, beerseller	1840	Bentley
Hopkiss Henry, iron manufacturer. Lodge forge	1868	Kelly
Hopkiss Hy. iron manufr. Lodge forge	1876	Kelly
Horse & Jockey P.H. (Regnld. Johnson), 19 Mogul la. Netherend	1940	Kelly
Hotchkiss Ann Maria (Mrs.), shpkpr. & Sun P.H. Overend	1896	Kelly
Hughes Isaiah, victualler, Holly Bush	1855	Billing
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1860	Kelly
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush, Cradley	1865	Jones
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1868	Kelly
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1872	Post Office
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush Inn and maltster	1873	Littlebury
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1876	Kelly
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1880	Kelly
Hughes Isaiah, Holly Bush	1880	Owens
Hughes Samuel, maltster	1872	Post Office
Hughes Samuel, maltster	1880	Kelly
Hughes Samuel, maltster	1880	Owens
Hughes, Isaiah, Holly Bush	1860	Preston
Ingley George Albert, Old Mogul P.H. Netherend	1912	Kelly
Ingley George Albert, Old Mogul P.H. Netherend	1916	Kelly
Jasper James, Bridge inn, 8 Bridge street	1912	Kelly
Jasper James, Bridge inn, 8 Bridge street	1916	Kelly
Johnson Levi, beerseller	1840	Bentley
Jones Joseph, beer retailer, 19 Overend	1912	Kelly
Jones Mary (Mrs.) maltstr, Netherend	1868	Kelly
Jones Mrs. Susannah, maltster, Netherend	1873	Littlebury
Jones Samuel, beer retailer	1872	Post Office
Jones Susannah. (Mrs) maltstr. Nethernd	1872	Post Office
Jones Samuel, Black Swan Inn	1873	Littlebury
Jones Samuel, beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Jones Susannah. (Mrs) maltstr. Nethernd	1876	Kelly
Jones Samuel, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Jones Samuel, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Jones William, maltster, Nether End	1855	Billing
Jones William, Black Swan	1860	Kelly
Jones William, maltster Netherend	1860	Kelly
Jones William, maltster, Netherend	1860	Preston
Jones Wm, Black Swan, Cradley	1865	Jones
Kendrick William, beer retailer	1855	Billing
Kendrick William, beer retailer	1860	Kelly
Kendrick Wm, beer rtlr, Colly gte, Cradley	1865	Jones
Laister Thomas, maltster	1855	Billing
Laister Thomas, maltster, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Laister Thos, maltster, Colley gt, Cradley	1865	Jones
Laister Thomas, maltster, Colley gate	1868	Kelly
Laister Thomas, maltster, Colley gate	1872	Post Office
Laister Thomas, maltster, Colley gate	1873	Littlebury
Leonard Jas. Albt. Old Two Gates P.H. 50 Windmill hill	1916	Kelly
Leonard Samuel, victualler, May Pole, Old Forge	1840	Bentley
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1860	Kelly
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1860	Preston
Leonard Samuel, Maypole, Cradley forge	1865	Jones
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1868	Kelly
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1872	Post Office
Leonard Samuel, May Pole, Cradley forge	1873	Littlebury
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1876	Kelly
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1880	Kelly
Leonard Samuel, May Pole	1880	Owens
Lester Thomas, maltster, Colly gate	1860	Preston
Lowe Joseph, Bull's Head P.H. Overend	1912	Kelly
Male David, beer retailer, 49 Lyde green	1916	Kelly
Manning George, beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Mason Saml., maltster, Netherend	1840	Bentley
Maypole Inn (Hy. J. Parkes), 5 Maypole hill	1940	Kelly
Mole Albert, Horse Shoe P.H. & blacksmith, Colley gate	1896	Kelly
Mole Daniel, victualler & blacksmith, Colly Gate	1840	Bentley
Mole Fanny, blacksmith and victualler, Colley Gate	1855	Billing
Mole Fanny (Miss), beer retailer, Colley gate	1872	Post Office
Mole Jane (Miss), beer retlr. Colley gate	1876	Kelly
Mole Jane (Miss), beer retlr. Colley gate	1880	Kelly
Mole Jane, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Mole Lucy, beer retailer, Colly gte, Cradley	1865	Jones
Mole Lucy (Miss), beer retailr. Colley gate	1868	Kelly
Mole William, beer retailer, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Newth William, beer retailer, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Old Crown Inn (Jsph. Jinks), 2 Intended st	1940	Kelly
Old Two Gates Inn (Thos. Edge), 50 Two Gates la	1940	Kelly
Oliver Eliza (Mrs.), beer retailer, Park side	1896	Kelly
Oliver Eliza (Mrs.), beer retailer, Park road	1912	Kelly
Oliver Eliza (Mrs.), beer retailer, Park road	1916	Kelly
Oliver Frank, Talbot htl., brewer, maltster & farmr. Colley gate	1896	Kelly
Oliver Frank, Talbot hotel, & farmer, Colley gate	1912	Kelly
Oliver Frank, Talbot hotel, & farmer, Colley Gate	1916	Kelly
Oliver Joseph, beer retailer, Park row	1873	Littlebury
Oliver William, beer retailer, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Oliver William, beer retailer, Old Vine, Colly gate, Cradley	1865	Jones
Oliver William, beer retailer, Colley gate	1868	Kelly
Oliver William, maltster	1872	Post Office
Oliver Wm., beer rtlr. and maltster, Park row	1873	Littlebury
Oliver William, maltster & beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Oliver William & Sons, maltsters and hop merchants, Colley gate	1880	Owens
Oliver William, jun. Park lane tavern, Netherend	1880	Kelly
Oliver William, Talbot Commercial Hotel, and maltster	1880	Owens
Oliver Wm, Talbot hotel, & maltster	1880	Kelly
Oliver W. & Son (of Cradley) Ltd. Maltsters. Colley Gate	1916	Kelly
Onslow Thomas, Bridge, Cradley	1865	Jones
Owen William, beer retailer and shop-keeper, Old White Lion	1855	Billing
Palmer William, beer retailer, 19 Overend	1916	Kelly
Pargeter T. maltster	1820	Lewis'
Parish Joseph, beerseller, Old Two Gates	1840	Bentley
Park Lane Tavern (Harry Victor Cook), Park la	1940	Kelly
Parkes William, beer retailer, Crown	1855	Billing
Parrish Henry, victualler, Two Gates	1855	Billing
Partridge George, hame, trace and chain manufctr. and beer rtlr., (Why not call and see), Two gates	1873	Littlebury
Partridge William, Fish inn, 36 High street	1916	Kelly
Pearshouse Joseph, beer retailer, Netherend	1896	Kelly
Pearson James, beerseller, Old Two Gates	1840	Bentley
Percival Joh, Bull's Head P.H. Overend	1916	Kelly
Priest James, beerseller	1840	Bentley
Proffitt Daniel, beer retailer, High town	1896	Kelly
Proffitt, Daniel, beer retailer, 2 High town	1912	Kelly
Proffitt Daniel, beer retailer, 2 High town	1916	Kelly
Proffitt Thomas, Holly Bush P.H. High street	1896	Kelly
Robins George, Sun P.H. 99 Overend	1912	Kelly
Robins George, Sun P.H. 99 Overend	1916	Kelly
Robinson Llewellyn, beer retailer, 52 High street	1912	Kelly
Robinson Llewellyn, beer retailer, 52 High street	1916	Kelly
Robinson Simeon, beer retailer, Park lane	1912	Kelly
Robinson Simeon, beer retailer, Park lane	1916	Kelly
Roper Emanuel, White Lion inn, Colley gate	1876	Kelly
Roper Emanuel, White Lion Inn	1880	Owens
Roper Emanuel, White Lion inn, Colley gate	1880	Kelly
Roper George Albert, White Lion inn, Colley gate	1896	Kelly
Roper George Albert, White Lion inn, 74 Colley gate	1912	Kelly
Roper George Albert, White Lion inn, 74 Colley gate	1916	Kelly
Roper William, beerseller and farmer, Colly Gate	1840	Bentley
Roper Wm. beer retailer, Colley gate	1860	Kelly
Roper Wm, beer rtlr, Colly gate, Cradley	1865	Jones
Rose & Crown P.H. (Wm. Hall), High st	1940	Kelly
Round of Beef P.H. (Harry Vernon Cox), 33 Windmill hill	1940	Kelly
Rowley Thomas, British Arms P.H. Furlong lane	1896	Kelly
Saunders John, beer retailer, 49 Lyde green	1912	Kelly
Shaw Henry, maltster, Netherend	1840	Bentley
Shaw Wm. beer retailer & shopkeeper, Netherend	1860	Kelly
Simms Elizabeth, victualler, Crown	1855	Billing
Simons Mary Frances (Mrs.), Bridge inn	1868	Kelly
Smethem Henry, beer retlr. Colley gate	1868	Kelly
Smith Harry, Rose & Crown P.H. High street	1916	Kelly
Steadman Joseph, Black Swan	1868	Kelly
Stevens Richd. beer retlr. Windmill hill	1872	Post Office
Stevens Richard, Windmill Inn	1873	Littlebury
Stevens William, Horse and Jockey, Netherend, Cradley	1865	Jones
Stevens Wm. beer retailer, Netherend	1868	Kelly
Stevens Wm. beer retailer, Netherend	1872	Post Office
Stevens Wm., Horse and Jockey, Netherend	1873	Littlebury
Stevens William, Horse & Jockey P.H. Netherend	1896	Kelly
Stoneley Josh, beer retailer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Stringer Wm. beer retailer, Netherend	1860	Kelly
Talbot George, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Talbot Hotel (Thos. Bills), Colley gate	1940	Kelly
Talbott George, beer rtlr, Cradley forge	1865	Jones
Tandy John, Blue Ball P.H. Church lane	1916	Kelly
Tandy Phoebe (Mrs.), Blue Ball P.H. Ball lane	1896	Kelly
Tate Abel, victualler, British Arms, Overend	1840	Bentley
Tate A., victualler, British Arms,Over End	1855	Billing
Tate Abel, publican	1860	Preston
Tate Abel, beer rtlr, Colly gate, Cradley	1865	Jones
Tate Samuel, British Arms	1872	Post Office
Tate Saml., British Arms Inn, Overend	1873	Littlebury
Tate Samuel, British Arms	1876	Kelly
Tate Samuel, British Arms	1880	Kelly
Tate William, beer retailer, Cradley	1865	Jones
Tate William, beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Tate William, Bridge inn	1872	Post Office
Tate Wm., Bridge Inn and beer retlr., (Crown), High town	1873	Littlebury
Tate William, beer retailer	1876	Kelly
Tate William, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Tate William, beer retailer	1880	Owens
Taylor William, beer retailer	1880	Kelly
Thomas Henry, beer retailer, Netherend	1860	Kelly
Thomas William Henry, beer retailer, 63 Two gates	1912	Kelly
Tibbets Elizabeth, Shovel Inn	1880	Owens
Tibbets Joseph, beerseller, Park row	1840	Bentley
Tibbets John, victualler, Old Two Gates, Park Side	1855	Billing
Tibbetts Elizabeth (Mrs.), Shovel inn, Park side	1872	Post Office
Tibbetts Elizabeth (Mrs.), Shovel inn, Park side	1876	Kelly
Tibbetts Elizabeth (Mrs.), Shovel inn, Park side	1880	Kelly
Tibbetts Joseph, Shovel inn, & shopkeeper, Park side	1860	Kelly
Tibbetts John, beer retailer, Two gates, Cradley	1865	Jones
Tibbetts Joseph, Shovel inn, Park side	1868	Kelly
Tibbetts Mrs. Elizabeth, Malt Shovel and shopkeeper, Park row	1873	Littlebury
Tibbetts William, beer retailer, High street	1896	Kelly
Tibbetts, Joseph, Malt Shovel, and grocr and maltster, Colly gate, Cradley	1865	Jones
Tromans Benjamin, Gate P.H. Colley gate	1912	Kelly
Tromans Benjamin, Gate P.H. Colley Gate	1916	Kelly
Twigg Adelaide (Mrs.), Crown P.H. 88 Lyde green	1912	Kelly
Twist Mary Ann (Mrs.), Maypole P.H. 5 Cradley forge	1912	Kelly
Twist Mary Ann (Mrs.), Maypole P.H. 5 Cradley forge	1916	Kelly
Vine Inn (Benj. Garratt), Lyde grn	1940	Kelly
Vine Inn (Wm. Thos. Woodall), 88 Two gates	1940	Kelly
Walker Hezekiah, beer retailer, Victoria street	1896	Kelly
Walker Stephen, beerseller, Light Green	1840	Bentley
Walters John, Vine	1865	Jones
Walters William, Old Two Gates P.H	1896	Kelly
Warr John, beer retailer	1860	Kelly
Watts Harry, Bridge P.H. Bridge street	1896	Kelly
Westwood Emma (Mrs.), beer retailer	1868	Kelly
Westwood Joseph, victualler, malster, and shopkeeper, Malt Shovel	1855	Billing
White Horse Inn (Fredk. Webster), 70 High st	1940	Kelly
White Lion Inn (Geo. Stafford), 74 Windmill liill	1940	Kelly
Why Not Inn (Geo. James), Two gates	1940	Kelly
Willetts John, Crown	1880	Kelly
Williams Eliza, victualler, Nether End Tavern, Nether End	1855	Billing
Williams Eliza (Mrs.), Netherend tavern, Netherend	1860	Kelly
Williams Eliza, beer retailer, Netherend	1860	Preston
Williams Eliza, Netherend tavern, Netherend, Cradley	1865	Jones
Williams Joseph, beer retailer, Horse and Jockey, Nether End	1855	Billing
Woodall John W. Blue Ball P.H. Church lane	1912	Kelly
Wright Daniel, victualler and porter dealer, Holly Bush	1840	Bentley
Wyer Judith (Mrs.), beer retailer	1860	Kelly
Wyer Samuel E, beer retailer	1855	Billing
Yates Ann (Mrs.), beer retailer	1872	Post Office
Yates Mrs. Ann, beer retlr., New street	1873	Littlebury

Photographs

	Park Lane Tavern public house, Park Lane Normal size Large size		The Dewfall Arms public House Normal size Large size
	The Vine Inn, Lyde Green Normal size Large size		The Waggon and Horses public House, Cradley Forge Normal size Large size
	The Rose and Crown, Colley Lane Normal size Large size		The Black Horse, Banner's Lane Normal size Large size
	The Round of Beef public house, Windmill Hill Normal size Large size		The Chop House public house (formerly the White Lion), Windmill Hill Normal size Large size
	The Chainmaker (formerly the Talbot) public house, Park Road Normal size Large size		The Shelton public house, Belle Vale Normal size Large size
	The Crown public house (The Widdows), Barracks Lane Normal size Large size		The Why Not Inn, Why Not Street, Two Gates Normal size Large size

Readers wishing to pursue their study of public houses might like to take a look at the following web sites:

The Pubs, Inns and Taverns Index for England, 1801-1900 (www.pubsindex.freeserve.co.uk)
The Pub and Beer Guide for the Midlands (www.midlandspubs.co.uk) and especially the Colley Gate section (www.midlandspubs.co.uk/westmidlands/colleygate.htm )
Real Ale and a Bed (www.beerguide.co.uk) and especially the West Midlands page (www.beerguide.co.uk/counties/wmids.htm) which features the Why Not Inn in Two Gates, Cradley (www.beerguide.co.uk/towns/colley_gate.htm#whynot)